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Using a VPN is a terrific way to shield your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple for a rear door to get beyond the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI needed to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a back door or comparable hack exists, it will become a target, a prize for the bad guys. It'll flow sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the bad guys can't get in either. .

All of the products in this roundup explicitly state that they have no back door, and that is as it should be. It does mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, then you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to keep a document secret you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a protected. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel these options.

One type of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. Another creates a virtual disk drive that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, all of the files that you put into it's completely inaccessible. .

Similar to the virtual drive solution, a few goods store your encrypted data in the cloud. This strategy demands extreme care, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a far larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It really depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial offered by each one of those products to have a sense of the different options.

Once you copy a file into secure storage, or create an encrypted version of it, you absolutely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you skip the Recycle Bin, since the data still exists on disk, and data recovery utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products avoid this problem by encrypting the file in location, literally overwriting it on disk with an encrypted version. It is more common, though, to provide safe deletion as an option. If you select a product that lacks this attribute, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval works because the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It is more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known data and reading around the edges of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a her response document, image, or other file into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, with the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one the products gathered here support AES. Even those that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption expert, you may prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical consumer, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, enroll it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. The other is private, and should be closely guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can create an electronic signature which proves your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The fact your public key decrypts it is all of the proof you need. PKI service is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a file with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.